IEEE 145-1993 pdf free.IEEE Standard Definitions of Termsfor Antennas.
IEEE 145 an atenna in a given direction is that of the plane wave it radiates at large distances in that direction. By re-iprocity, a plane wave coming from that direction whose polarization ellipse has the sane axial ratio, orien-tation, and sense will yield the maximurm response for a given power flux density. For best understanding,the three related definitions of polarization should be read in the above order.
One departure from previous usage should be noted. The definition of the tilt angle of the polarization ellipsenow requires that it be measured according to the right-hand rule with the thumb pointing in a referencedirection.For a plane wave, the reference direction is the direction of propagation. This is advantageous,since it removes anry ambiguity about the specification of the orientation of the polarization ellipse. It shouldbe noted, however, that the polarization of the antenna is defined as that of the wave it radiates， whether it isused for transmitting or receiving. This means that for the receive case,the coordinate system used todescribe the polarization of the antenna and the incoming wave are oriented in opposite directions.(SeeIEEE Std 149-1979,IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas, clause 11, Polarization.’) There are twoways to handle this situation. One is to transform the polarization of the wave into the antenna’s coordinatesystemn; the second is to define a receiving polcrization for the antenna, which is that of the wave to whichthe antenna is polarization matched. The latter was chosen both here and in IEEE Std 149-1979.This shouldnot be taken to mean that one cannot use the antenna’s coordinate system, but rather that if it is done, itshould be clearly specified as the polarization of the incoming wave referred to the antenna’s (transmitting)polarization. The term receiving polarization can also be applied to a nonreciprocal anternna that may receiveonly.
The interdependence of gain, polarization, and impedance has led to the inclusion of several terms, includingpartiail gain, partia directivity, and partiail reaized gain. The interrelationships of these terms and the basicterms gain, cdirectivity and realized gain are best visualized by referring to the flow chart shown in figure 1.Asimilar flow chart can be constructed for a receiving antenna.IEEE 145 pdf download.