IEEE N42.46-2008 pdf free.American National Standard for Determination of the Imaging Performance of X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Systems for Cargo and Vehicle Security Screening.
IEEE N42.46 is intended to be used to determine the imaging performance of x-ray and gamma-ray systems utilized to inspect loaded or empty vehicles, including personal and commercial vehicles of any type; marine and air cargo containers of any size; railroad cars: and palletized or unpalletized cargo larger than 1 m x 1 m in cross-section. The standard applies to systems that are the following:
— Single or multiple energy, source, or view
— Employ primary (i.e., transmission) and’or scatter (e.g., backscattcr) radiation detection
— Used to detect prohibited and controlled materiaLs and/or to verify manifests
— Primarily imaging systems but also may have complementary features such as material discrimination and automatic active or passive threat alerts. This standard does not address how to test these complementary features.
Adherence to all applicable mechanical and electrical safety requirements and compatibility with all applicable installation codes, including electro-magnetic compatibility requirements. is extremely important for any type of x-ray or gamma-ray screening system; however, identification of these requirements is not within the scope of this standard.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide standard, repeatable and verifiable methods to describe and measure the imaging performance characteristics of the systems listed above. It is not intended to determine the capability of a security screening system under specific operational inspection conditions.
2. Definitions
The following definitions apply to ANSI/IEEE standards that have been developed at the request of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for instruments to be used by DHS and emergency responders.
2.1 air cargo container: A closed container, usually of aluminum or fabric with a steel floor, used to hold cargo transported by air.
2.2 backscatter: The deflection of radiation through angles greater than 90° to the initial direction of travel, or the radiation so deflected.
2.3 beam energy: The maximum emitted energy of an x-ray or gamma-radiation source, usually measured in multiples of a thousand electron volts (keV) or a million electron volts (MeV).
2.4 blocking material: Energy-absorbent material, usually steel of varying thickness, placed between a radiation source and the test object to be imaged.
2.5 cabinet x-ray system: A radiographic system meeting the requirement of FCC Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 1020.40 with respect to radiation levels outside the system and access to the interior of the system; usually applied to systems for inspecting parcels, baggage and small cargo.
2.6 cargo density: Mean cargo density measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm).IEEE N42.46 pdf free download.