IEEE 1264-1993 pdf free.IEEE Guide for Animal Deterrents for Electric Power Supply Substations.
IEEE 1264 Consideration of several factors is important when addressing intrusions at specific substation locations. Also, theparticular animals and the degree to which they pose problems will vary according to geographic location. Thedominant animals,such as squirrels and birds,were reported by nearly every utility. While squirrels were the worstoffenders overall, birds were a greater problem in farmland areas. Raccoons were identified most often in the coolernorthern and midwestern climates,while problems with snakes were more commonly reported by utilities from thesouthwest and southeast. Activity levels and the number of intrusions also will vary with the season of year.
There are various reasons why animals enter substations. Cats enter substations for warmth, woodpeckers create holesfor shelter and to store food, birds build nests on equipment and structures. Raccoons and snakes try to reach bird nestsfor young birds and eggs. Squirrels, especially during weaning cycles, migrate through unfamiliar territory. Predators,such as foxes， enter a substation looking for rodents and other nocturnal animals that make homes in vaults,equipment, and structures.
Animals in substations cause a variety of problems,such as faults，which can result in power outages， reducedequipment life, or severely damaged equipment. They may even pose a variety of safety and health hazards.
Squirrels, raccoons, snakes and other creatures that climb fences, structures and equipment may eventually come intocontact with energized parts of equipment or conductors, thus causing outages and damage. Rodents chewing throughpower and control cable insulation can also cause outages and damage.
Birds build nests in substation structures and equipment，sometimes using conductive material such as wire ormagnetic tape that can fall or be carried into contact with insulators or bushings. Some birds have wing spans that canbridge phase-to-phase distance and cause an outage. Bird droppings can also be a major problem. Being communal,many congregate in a relatively small area.Their droppings accumulate on electric hardware quickly, causing insulatoror bushing flashovers and possible equipment damage.
Animal-related outages run the gamut from momentary disturbances to longterm outages.Major portions ofsubstations can be tripped off line, including transmission circuits.IEEE 1264 pdf download.