AS/NZS 2205.5.1:2019 pdf free.Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal Method 5.1: Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds.
This International Standard gives recommendations for specimen preparation, test procedures and their main objectives for macroscopic and microscopic examination.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 1: Fusion welding
ISO 9956-3. Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 3: Welding procedure tests for arc welding of steels
ISO 9956-4, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 4: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of aluminium and its alloys
I SO/T R 15608, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system
ISO/TR 16060, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Etchants for macroscopic and
microscopic examination
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
macroscopic examination
examination of a test specimen by the naked eye, or under low magnification (generally less than x 50), with or without etching
3.2 microscopic examination
examination of a test specimen by microscope with a magnification of generally x 50 to x 500, with or without etching
3.3 operator
person who performs the macroscopic and/or microscopic examination
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
A Macroscopic examination
I Microscopic examination
E Etched
U tJnetched
Abbreviations for parent metals shall be in accordance with the grouping systems in ISO 9956-3 for steels and Iso 9956-4 for aluminium and its alloys.
Grouping systems for other materials are given in ISO/TR 15608.
The same grouping systems shall also be used for weld metal.
The abbreviations for etchants should be taken from ISO/TR 16060 whenever applicable.
NOTE A trade mark can be used if ISO/TR 16060 is not applicable.
S Principle
Macroscopic and microscopic examination is used to reveal the macroscopic or microscopic features of a welded joint, usually by the examination of transverse sections.
This is done by visual and/or optical examination of the prepared surface, before or after etching.
6 Purpose of the test
The purpose of macroscopic and microscopic examinations is to assess the structure (including grain structure, morphology and orientation, precipitates and inclusions) independently and/or in relation to various cracks and cavities. Sections can also provide a record of sample shape in the planes of the section, Table 1 gives guidance on the assessment of features which can he detected by macroscopic and microscopic examination.
7 Removal of test specimens
Test specimens are generally oriented perpendicular to the weld axis (transverse section), including the weld deposit and heat affected zones on both sides of the weld. However, test specimens may also apply to other orientations.
The location, orientation and number of test pieces should be specified prior to testing, for example by reference to an application standard.AS/NZS 2205.5.1 pdf download.