ASTM D6804-19 pdf free.Standard Guide for Hand Hole Design in Corrugated Boxes.
ASTM D6804 provides guidelines for designing pre-cut apertures intended for usc as hand holes in corrugated boxes during manual handling of boxed cargo.
1.2 Limitations—This standard ofkrs guidance for package dcv elopmeni and for subsequent testing of boxes to measure performance. h is not intended to provide specific information on the design of hand holes.
1.3 The salues stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the sandard. The SI units arc for information only.
1.4 This siwidani does not purport to address all of the safety concerns. if any. assoc-safrd with its use. It is the responsibility of the uier of this s:andrnl to establish apprnprialc safer health, and envirr,n,nental practices and deter. mine the applicability of n’gulatcrv limitations prior to use..
I .5 This inwrnaiional .swndanl nas ckreloped in unvrdance with internationall recogni:ed principles on stundanii:atmon c’.stahlish,ed im, the !)ecision on Principles for the Deselopment of International Stcuidards. Guides and Rewmn ,endatic,ns issued by the Ve’orld Trade Orani:ution Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) (‘omminee.
2. Referenced Documents
2. I ASTM Siandards:
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D1974 Practice br Methods of (‘losing. Sealing, and Reinforcing Fiberboard Boxes
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers. Packages. or Packaging Components for Testing
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of L4iadcd Containers by Free Fall
D5445 Practice for Pictorial Markings for Handling of Goods
E4 Practices for Force Vcritication of Testing Machines
EI22 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate. With Specitied Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process
2.2 TAPPI Standards:3
T4t) Sampling and Accepting a Single lo4 of Paper. Paperboard. Containerboard. or Related Product
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions General definitions for packaging and distribution environments are found in Terminology D9%.
3.2 Defi,iitioiis of Term.s Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 hand htth’—apeiiures. pre-cut in corrugated boxes by bo manufacturers, as requested by box purchasers. These apertures facilitate manual handling during distribution and improve grip during handling.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It may be desirable at times to provide hand holes in corrugated bocs. Package designers use hand holes to solve ergonomic and handling problems associated with large or awkward containers. This guide provides an aid for proper hand hole design and use.
4.1.1 Boxes for handling by a single person.
4.1.2 Boxes that are too large or awkward in be handled well by a single person (4.4.1).
4.2 Frçonornics:
4.2.1 In studying and applying ergonomic principles, of primary concern is the need to provide a sale work environment for material handlers who may be required to lift or transpon packages. A sate work environment is difficult to define and varies with the package in question, Several ergonomic safety issues involve repetitive motions and spine loading in the lifting process. Other issues involve linger and foot protection.
4.2.2 In distribution centers or warehouses, low back disorders have been identified as areas of elevated rkk. Low back problems continue 10 represent the most common and costly musculoskclctal disorders in the work place.4
4.2.3 One method used 10 reduce the coucern of distance of hit (spinal loading) is to bring the reach of the material handler’s hands closer to the body. With large or awkward boxes, placing hand holes in a more advantageous position can solve this problem.
4.2.4 Maximum weight for lifting is not generally specified by safety organhiations. Hosseser. when considerations of repetition. movement, and other ergonomics arc taken into account, a typical maximum load per single person is often limited to 44) to 50 lb per package.
4,3 ,VIOS!l:
4.3.1 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH) has published Wr* Practhes Guitk for Manual L.fting. This document may be of assistance in developing proper hand holes and their placement for a specific package.
4.3.2 Hand holes for single person box handling are generally intended for vertical symmetric lifting with some rotation and is limited to a few steps. Use of hand holes to lift with one hand, push a box, or pull u box are not recommended practices.
4.3.3 Actual maximum acceptable load for a single person lift depends on box weight. site, lift frequency and distance of movement . Maximuni weight and sue limits can be estimated using the NIOSFI equations.
4.4 Other 8o Aperturr.s — Irnprvprr Use us Hand Huks:
4.4.1 Some hand holes are intended for hand gripping 10 facilitate moving or turning a heavy box hut arc not intended for lifting.
4.4.2 Not all box apertures are intended to be used as hand holes. These apertures may be intended for ventilation. inspection, adjustment of contents or other uses. These other apertures are not intended for use in manipulating boxes and it is improper to use these apertures as hand holes.
4.4.3 Examples of typical hand holes are shown in Fig. I. Use of hand holes and associated cautions should be agreed upon between the supplier and the user.ASTM D6804 pdf free download.